Globally, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are poor. Strengthening infant and young child feeding in india bpni. By the same token, guidelines on the appropriate energy density of complementary foods must be contable 1. Complementary feeding practices for infants and young. An integrated course consists of 39 sessions, which can be arranged in different ways to suit the local situation.
The standard indicators for infant and young child feeding practices were developed in alignment with whos guiding principles on feeding the breastfed and nonbreastfed child. Child malnutrition remains a common problem in developing countries. Pdf complementary feeding for infants 6 to 12 months. In settings plagued by food insecurity, unicef promotes the use of fortified foods and micronutrient powders to. However, sufficient data to generate estimates for the core indicators covering the complementary feeding period only became available recently. The target age range for complementary feeding is gener. Therefore, this study aimed to assess timely initiation of complementary feeding and associated factors among.
During pregnancy, each woman was mailed a prenatal questionnaire and a subsample of 1,500 women received the diet history questionnaire. Complementary foods to the developmental stage of the infant, nutritional requirements can be met and eating and selffeeding skills can develop properly. A counseling guide for complementary feeding for children. The first approach for improving complementary feeding is to increase the nutritional adequacy of complementary foods. Appropriate feeding frequency and energy density of complementary foods the whounicef 1998 document recognized that recommendations on the frequency of feeding complementary foods depend on the energy density of these foods. Complementary feeding of infants and young children in emergencies page 6 contents 1. Core indicators for infant and young child feeding practices. Facts for feeding guidelines for appropriate complementary feeding of breastfed children 624 months of age birth, initiation of breastfeeding, and the first seven days after birth recommended practices to improve infant nutrition during the first six months breastmilk.
This integrated set of malawi infant and young child feeding national counselling cards was designed for use by facilitybased. This book tells you when to start complementary feeding, what to give, how much. Complementary feeding practice and associated factors among. Sincere thanks is also extended to the ife core group members. Facts for feeding is a series of publications from linkages project on recommended feeding and dietary practices to improve nutritional status at various points in the life cycle.
Good complementary feeding means feeding your child enriched borbor every day and offer additional nutritious snacks between meals, for example mashed ripe fruit. Complementary feeding infant and young child feeding ncbi. Complementary feeding starts when breast milk is no longer. Adequate and appropriate complementary foods and feeding practices can help to prevent stunting and introduce healthy eating habits. Multiple systems influence complementary feeding unicef east asia and pacific regional office has. May 02, 2019 background and objectives inappropriate complementary feeding is a major cause of child malnutrition and death. To keep young children healthy during this period, complementary foods should be nutritious, clean and safe, and fed in adequate amounts. Infant and young child feeding practices annexes unhcr. Unicef supports countries to implement the priority actions to improve complementary feeding outlined in the global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Making the case for improved infant and young child feeding everywhere, provides a global status update on infant and young child feeding practices adn puts forth recommendations for improving them. Infant and young child feeding practice among mothers with. In settings plagued by food insecurity, unicef promotes the use of fortified foods and micronutrient powders to improve the nutrient quality of complementary foods. The aim is to use the guidelines to assess infant and young child feeding practices within and across countries and to evaluate progress in this programme area.
This paper provides an update to the 1998 whounicef report on complementary feeding. For the purposes of this statement, complementary food refers to solid foods, other than breastmilk or infant formula. Breast milk can provide one half or more of a childs energy needs between 6 and 12 months of age, and one third of energy needs and other high quality nutrients between 12 and 24 months 6. Complementary feeding practices among mothers and nutritional. Malnutrition can result from suboptimal breastfeeding practices, poor quality complementary foods, detrimental feeding practices, and contamination of complementary food and feeding utensils. Infant and young child feeding world vision international.
Guidelines for feeding healthy infants for wic staff irth to 6 monthsb starting complementary foods. Assessment of complementary feeding practice of infants and. Dec 05, 2016 this crosssectional study investigated the association between complementary feeding practices among mothers and nutritional status of their infants in akpabuyo local government area, nigeria. Unicef, mandana arabi unicef, zita weise prinzo who, and. It also reinforces how the food at anganwadi centres are free and nutritious and greatly benefits the healthy growth of a child. Assessment of complementary feeding practice of infants and young children aged 623 months in gode town, somali regional state of ethiopia published. Guidelines for appropriate complementary feeding of. Complementary feeding is introduced in only 53% infants between 68 months, with only about 44 % of breastfed children being fed at least the minimum number of times recommended 3. Jul 27, 2017 appropriate complementary feeding helps to reduces childs risk of undernutrition, infectious disease and related mortality. Pediatric nutrition authorities agree that complementary foods should not be introduced to infants before they are developmentally ready.
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months, with continuation for the first year or longer as mutually desired by mother and baby. This rapid period of growth means that babies need a lot of energy and nutrients to ensure that they can grow well. A program planners guide to consultative research for improving young child feeding. They may be specially prepared foods, or modified family meals. There is, however, also limited evidence in the country, particularly of pawie district. The study enrolled 330 motherchild pairs from 10 randomly selected out of 32 health facilities in akpabuyo. This set of indicators provides i an update of the 1991 who and unicef indicators on breastfeeding practices and ii a broad set of indicators to assess, for the first time, feeding practices in children aged 6 to 23 months. Optimal complementary feeding of infants and young children helps to ensure proper infant growth and development, and prevent malnutrition. This book tells you when to start animofiantsource ofnutrients complementary feeding, what to give, how much, and how often.
Essentials of complementary feeding and national bottleneck analysis. Interventions designed to improve education on optimal complementary feeding practices have been associated with reductions in stunting and improved linear growth bhutta et al. During breastfeeding, eat two extra small meals or snacks extra food between meals. Ho and unicef jointly developed the global strategy for infant and young child feeding to revitalize world attention to the impact that feeding practices have on the nutritional status, growth and development, health, and thus the very survival of infants and young children. In this psa video, it promotes the timely intervention of complementary food when breast milk is no longer enough to meet the nutritional needs of the infant. Early growth retardation is associated with a broad range of adverse functional consequences, including delayed motor development and impaired cognitive function and school performance, and malnourished children have a higher risk of infection, illhealth and death. Identifying determinants of effective complementary. In the philippines, many children are underweight, short in stature, and lacking in micronutrient intake. Improving access to nutritionally adequate complementary foods unicef provides caregiver nutrition education to improve complementary feeding. An inadequate diet and inappropriate complementary feeding practices contribute to the increase andor. Infant and young child feeding iycf data unicef data.
Infant and young child feeding 1 introduction the united nations childrens fund unicef and the world health organization who jointly developed the global strategy for infant and young child feeding in 2002 in order to emphasize the significant impacts of optimal feeding practices on the nutritional status, growth. Update on technical issues concerning complementary. Strengthening infant and young child feeding in india 20032007 5 i ntroduction this is the report of the project cooperation agreement pca that was drawn between unicef and bpni in 2003 for a period of 4 years. The global strategy is based on the evidence of nutritions significance. Complementary feeding family foods for breastfed children. Food fact sheet during the first year, a baby grows more quickly than at any other time in his or her life. So it is necessary to introduce more concentrated energy riched nutritional supplements by this age.
Soon after completing six months complementary foods such as a paste of boiled vegetable with oil or ghee, idli, banana, papaya, dal, rice, soaked roti should be added to the diet of the child in addition to breastmilk. Complementary feeding practice and associated factors. Fabrizio, marti van liere and gretel pelto global health associates, hong kong, global alliance for improved nutrition, geneva, switzerland, and division of nutritional sciences, cornell. Complementary feeding of infants and young children in. A community based crosssectional study design was conducted among 476 mothers who had children aged 623 months in the study area. The complementary feeding period 624 months is a window of opportunity for preventing stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity and for improving long. An assessment of current practice of complementary feeding. The process of feeding them is called complementary feeding. Infant and young child feeding practice is suboptimal throughout the world, especially the late initiation of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeding, early or late introduction of optimal complementary foods, giving poor quality, quantity and unhygienic complementary food, and using a bottle to fed the child are the common practices in developing. The global strategy for infant and young child feeding who and unicef 2003 and guiding principles on complementary feeding pahowho 2003.
Infant feeding practices and resources should be assessed, coordinated, and monitored throughout the disaster. Complementary breastfeeding breast milk, breastmilk. A number of efficacy and effectiveness trials have focused on improving caregiver knowledge about complementary feeding as a means to improve child growth and nutrition. Promotion of idea of growth as one of best indicators of health. David morleys model of clinicbased growth monitoring gains momentum. The nutrition section, unicef east asia and pacific regional office eapro is seeking a qualified individual to support the finalisation of landscape analyses for complementary feeding and. They may be specially prepared foods, breast milk can continue to be or modified family meals. The present qualitative study intends to explore positive and negative determinants of complementary feeding in a community setting. Thus improving complementary feeding may require more research as complementary feeding is an important intervention for addressing stunting, the most prevalent form of malnutrition. Who 2005 recommend that breastfeeding be initiated within the first hour of birth known as early initiation of.
Malnutrition contributes to about half of underfive mortality and a third of this is due to faulty feeding practices. Recipes for complementary feeding children 6 to 23 months of. This study determined the complementary feeding knowledge, practices, minimum. Importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary. This crosssectional study investigated the association between complementary feeding practices among mothers and nutritional status of their infants in akpabuyo local government area, nigeria. Your course director will plan the course that is most suitable for your needs, and will give you a timetable. Importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding among infants.
A critical source of vitamin a for infants and young children. Guidelines for appropriate complementary feeding of breastfed. Introduction of complementary feeding is the proportion of infants 68 months of age who. Policy makers, health care providers, and communicators can use these guidelines for developing messages and activities appropriate to local conditions. Complementary feeding of infants and young children in emergencies complementary feeding of infants and young children in emergencies evaluating the specific requirements for. Complementary feeding for infants 6 to 12 months article pdf available in the journal of family health care 201. Breastfeeding should continue with complementary feeding up to 2 years of age or beyond, and it should be on demand, as often as the child wants. Different strategies may be required for different populations e. Complementary feeding is the period of time when infants are introduced to food different from milk in their diet, together with a gradual reduction of the intake of milk either breast milk or formula, to finally and gradually acquire their familys diet model alvisi et al. Only 43 per cent of the worlds infants under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed and the vast majority of young children are not fed a diverse diet during the complementary feeding period. Complementary feeding 1 growth monitoring and promotion. Mandana arabi formerly complementary feeding specialist, and david clark, nutrition specialist legal, from the infant and young child feeding unit, nutrition section, programmes, unicef new york, with the support of werner schultink, chief of nutrition section. Whounicef global strategy on infant and young child feeding, 2003.
Unicefs expanded database on infant and young child feeding iycf provides countrylevel trends of 7 core and 3 optional iycf indicators. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of complementary feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers with children aged 6. Identifying determinants of effective complementary feeding behaviour change interventions in developing countries cecilia s. The guide to complementary feeding5 enables users develop appropriate recipes based on locally available foods. Complementary feeding for children aged 623 months fao. Faowho technical committee advocates use of growth monitoring. The infant feeding practices study ii followed women continuously from pregnancy throughout their infants first year of life. Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries. All publicly available mics and dhs phase 57 have been reanalyzed to produce standardized estimates across years and surveys programs. A mothers gift, for every child the importance of breastfeeding breastfeeding, initiated within the first hour of birth, provided exclusively for six months, and continued up to two years or beyond with the provision of safe and appropriate complementary foods, is one of the most powerful practices. It is designed to help you, the health care provider, give information. New research findings are generally consistent with. Complementary feeding guide and recipes for children of. Complementary feeding means giving foods in addition to breastmilk.
Unicef, mandana arabi unicef, zita weise prinzo who, and christiane rudert unicef. The propan manual is also a comprehensive tool for programming. The second half of an infants first year is an especially vulnerable time because infants are learning to eat and must be fed soft. Counselling on breastfeeding and complementary feeding leads to improved feeding practices. Unicefs global report, from the first hour of life. Breast feeding alone is adequate to maintain growth and development up to 6 months. Illness imci,2 and the who manual complementary feeding. Complementary feeding indicators to assess complementary feeding practices of infants this study adapted the indicators that have been developed due to current recommendations for feeding children according to unicefwho who 2010a. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding nutrition unicef. Recipes for complementary feeding children 6 to 23 months. Malnutrition in young children can be prevented by feeding them enough nutritious and safe complementary foods. Pdf maternal challenges of exclusive breastfeeding and. November 09, 2017 4657 from several latin american countries demonstrated that appropriate breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices were positively associated with child height.
In many countries faulty complementary feeding practices primarily nutritionally inadequate and frequently contaminated foods that are introduced too early or too late are a major contributing factor to infant and young child malnutrition, growth failure, and high morbidity and mortality. Complementary feeding practices among children in benishangul. Oct 15, 2017 however, sufficient data to generate estimates for the core indicators covering the complementary feeding period only became available recently. Appropriate complementary feeding helps to reduces childs risk of undernutrition, infectious disease and related mortality.
Feeding of infants and young children in south asia. However, complementary feeding practices are suboptimal in ethiopia. This guide to conducting participatory cooking demonstrations to improve complementary feeding practices was developed as part of a project entitled early warning system for food and nutrition security ewsfns, which was implemented by the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao in the philippines, through the. The new guidance on complementary feeding programming includes the. Complementary feeding is defined as the process starting when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants, and therefore other foods and liquids are needed, along with breast milk. Making the case for improved infant and young child feeding everywhere provides information on how infants and young children are being fed and how these feeding practices match up to the recommended guidelines on infant and young child feeding. The aim of this position statement is to set out the bdas recommendations and provide guidance for dietitians working with parents and caregivers on appropriate complementary feeding in the healthy term infant. The current situation of complementary feeding at the global and regional level is reported here using data contained within the unicef global database. Overall, only 21% of breastfeeding and nonbreastfeeding children are fed in accordance with the infant and young child feeding. Guide to bottle feeding leaflet home bottle feeding resources guide to bottle feeding leaflet published by the department of health and the baby friendly initiative, this leaflet provides families and health professionals with key information about bottle feeding.
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